这个世界每天都有新生命诞生，关于产假各个国家的政策有何不同，用英语该如何表达?开言英语本期就为大家科普下外国人的产假怎么休。
Maternity leave：产假，在职妇女产期前后的休假待遇;
Paternity leave：陪产假，夫妻间女方在享受产假期间，男方享有的用于看护、照料对方的休假待遇;
Parental leave：育婴假/育儿假，一般与产假、陪产假衔接，但有的国家的 parental leave 也包括产假;
Child care leave：育儿假，与育婴假衔接。
01.芬兰
母亲产假：105个工作日(70%薪水)
父亲陪产假：54个工作日(70%薪水)
父母育儿假：158个工作日(70%薪水)
(注：工作日为周一到周六，不包括法定节假日)
The maternity leave lasts 105 working days. The paternity leave can last up to 54 working days or about 9 weeks. Fathers can choose to stay at home for 1 to 18 days at the same time as the child's mother while she is paid maternity or parental allowance.
芬兰的女性有105个工作日的带薪产假，而男性有54个工作日的带薪陪产假，而这54天中，可以选择1到18天是和妻子一起休。
After the maternity leave, the mother can take parental leave for 158 working days. Alternatively, the father can also take the parental leave, or they can divide it between themselves.
After the parental leave, parents have a right to take unpaid leave to care for a child untilthe child’s third birthday. Either parent can take the leave but both parents cannot be onchild care leave at the same time.
在产假和陪产假之后，夫妻中的可一人独享或二人分配158天的带薪育婴假;育婴假后到孩子3岁之前，夫妻中的一人可选择休育儿假，假期不带薪但可以领政府津贴。
02.瑞典
父母产假：390天(80%薪水)+90天(最低津贴)
Parents are – because of gender equality aspects – encouraged to share the leave. That is why 90 days out of the total 480 days are reserved for each parent. Parents generally get 80% of their salary for the first 390 days. A reduced amount is then paid out for the remaining 90 days.
在瑞典，夫妇要自行分配480天产假(硬性要求是其中一方必须休够90天)。其中前390天可以拿到80%的薪水，而后90天则是只能拿政府的最低补贴。
On any weekday afternoon, Swedish cafes are packed with young men and their children. Known as “latte dads,” these men are real examples of the success of Sweden's parental leave plan.
你经常能在瑞典的大城市街头和咖啡厅里看到年轻的父亲拿着一杯咖啡和孩子待在一起，他们也被称为“拿铁爸爸”。“拿铁爸爸”的存在某种程度上意味着瑞典育儿政策的成功。
03.日本
母亲产假：14周(66%薪水)
父母育儿假：最长到孩子1岁半(50%薪水)
Japan scored highest for its paternity leave in a UNICEF report, with a calculated 30.4 weeks of paid leave. But the reality is that very few working fathers take it.
据联合国儿童基金会统计，日本允许新生儿父亲休30.4周的育儿假，位列世界榜首。然而现实是申请休假的父亲只有6%左右，很少人敢冒着回去就被开除的风险去休育儿假。
04.韩国
母亲产假：90天(100%薪水)
父亲产假：10天(100%薪水)
父母育儿假：一年(40%薪水)
In response to low birthrates, since 2019, the spouses in South Korea can take 10 days of paid paternity leave within 90 days of a child’s birth. The old law had provided five days of time-off within 30 days of the birth, with pay for the first three days of leave.
出生率世界倒数第一的韩国终于火烧眉毛地修改了政策，原本新生儿父亲只能休5天的带薪陪产假，而从2019年10月份开始延长到10天。
Employees with children younger than 9 years old or attending second or a lower grade of elementary school can work fewer hours for up to two years. The new flexible working options entitle employees to reduce their workday by one hour without loss of pay. Under the old law, employees could reduce their workday by two to five hours for one year.
除此之外，如果家里的孩子在9岁或者二年级以下，父母可以申请两年内减少每日工作时间。以往是一年内可以少2到5小时的出勤时间，现在则宽松到每天可减少1小时而不损失工资。
虽然韩国在孩子出生之后也有长达1年的育儿假，但是损失掉60%的薪水也是很多家庭不能接受的，所以也只有6%左右的韩国宝爸申请育儿假，情况与日本相似。
05.美国
母亲产假：12周(无薪)
父亲陪产假：12周(无薪)
In the U.S., the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) is the only federal legislation guaranteeing parental leave: 12 weeks of unpaid, job-protected time off for both moms and dads. And although around 90 million people are covered by the FMLA, 41 percent of Americans aren’t. Why? The law only applies to those at a company of at least 50 employees who’ve worked for at least a year and a minimum of 25 hours per week.
在美国，只有《家庭与医疗假法》规定了新生儿父亲和母亲可休12周的无薪产假，然而即使是这么不友善的条件，甚至还有41%的美国人享受不到。因为这个法律只适用于在有50个员工以上的公司工作一年以上、每周工作25小时以上的雇员。
In fact, 46 percent of people who do have access to FMLA leave don’t take it because they can’t afford to. Indeed, according to a 2014 Boston College survey, 86 percent of dads say they wouldn’t take parental leave unless they were paid at least 70 percent of their salaries.
更惨的是，实际上有46%可以享受产假的人们都不会选择休它，因为12周都拿不到工资的经济负担实在太重了。
06.加拿大
父母育儿假：40周(55%薪水)
The number of weeks available will depend on whether parents choose the standard option or the extended option. Since 2019.3.17, the standard option provides couples with a collective 40 weeks of parental leave (an additional 5 weeks) at 55% of income. The extended option provides couples with a collective 69 weeks of parental leave (an additional 8 weeks) at 33% of income.
加拿大的新生儿父母可在“标准父母福利”和“延长父母福利”中选择。从2019年的3月17日起，“标准父母福利”提供12个月内共计40周(在原本35周的基础上增加5周)的失业保险福利，相当于每周工资的55%;“延长父母福利”提供18个月内69周(在原本61周的基础上增加8周)的失业保险福利，每周平均福利是每周工资的33%。
Remember, these additional weeks of parental leave are only available to the second parent. If the mother takes the entire parental leave, she is not then entitled to the extra weeks.
The number of fathers who took parental leave in Quebec increased dramatically from 27.8% in 2005 to 85.8% in 2015.
要注意的是，新福利的享受条件有一条是——父母中任何一方都在家陪伴孩子超过5周(标准父母福利)或者8周(延长父母福利)。比如，只有选择标准父母福利中只有母亲休假，那么她依然只能休35周。2005年到2015年，魁北克省休育儿假的父亲从27.8%上升到85.8%。可以看出加拿大父亲育儿的参与度变得非常高。
开言英语的课程内容从生活场景引入，在这里可以学到更实用的英语知识，口语表达更地道，从根源处解决哑巴英语。