英语四级晨读资料
英语阅读能力的提高其实可以从两个最基础的方面着手：词汇和语法。从词汇方面来说，如果阅读中有大量不认识的单词，这一定会干扰大家对文章的理解。所以，词汇是提高英语能力必须要越过的一个难关。从语法方面来说，语法的重要性体现在对句子的理解上。如果一句话中的单词你都认识，但整句话的意思却理解不了，这就反映出你的语法基础薄弱，也就是常说的长难句的分析和理解能力欠缺。因此，大家如果想要提高英语阅读能力，本质上就是要提高词汇和语法的基本功。
In the 1960s, medical researchers Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe developed a checklist of stressful events.They appreciated the tricky point that any major change can be stressful. Negative events like “serious illness of a family member” were high on the list, but so were some positive life-changing events, like marriage. When you take the Holmes-Rahe test you must remember that the score does not reflect how you dealwith stress—it only shows how much you have to deal with. And we now know that the way you handle these events dramatically affects your chances of staying healthy.
By the early 1970s, hundreds of similar studies had followed Holmes and Rahe. And millions of Americans who work and live under stress worried over the reports. Somehow, the research got boiled down to a memorable message. Women’s magazines ran headlines like “Stress causes illness!” If you want to stay physicallyand mentally healthy, the articles said, avoid stressful events.
But such simplistic advice is impossible to follow. Even if stressful events are dangerous, many—like thedeath of a loved one—are impossible to avoid. Moreover, any warning to avoid all stressful events is a prescription (处方) for staying away from opportunities as well as trouble. Since any change can be stressful, a person who wanted to be completely free of stress would never marry, have a child, take a new job or move.
The notion that all stress makes you sick also ignores a lot of what we know about people. It assumes we’re all vulnerable (脆弱的) and passive in the face of adversity (逆境). But what about human initiative and creativity? Many come through periods of stress with more physical and mental vigor than they had before.We also know that a long time without change or challenge can lead to boredom, and physical and metal strain.
在20世纪60年代，医学研究人员托马斯·霍姆斯和理查德·拉赫制定了一份压力清单事件。他们明白了任何重大变化都会带来压力这一棘手问题。负面事件如“家庭成员的重病”在榜单上居高不下，但一些积极的改变生活的事件如婚姻也是如此。当你参加Holmes-Rahe测试时，你必须记住，分数并不能反映你是如何应对压力的，它只显示了你必须应付的压力。我们现在知道，你处理这些事件的方式会极大地影响你保持健康的机会。
到了70年代初，福尔摩斯和拉赫进行了数百项类似的研究。数百万在压力下工作和生活的美国人对这些报道感到担忧。不知何故，这项研究被归结为一个令人难忘的信息。女性杂志的标题是“压力导致疾病！文章说，如果你想保持身心健康，就要避免压力事件。
但这样简单的建议是不可能遵循的。即使有压力的事件是危险的，许多像亲人的死亡是无法避免的。此外，任何避免所有压力事件的警告都是远离机会和麻烦的处方。因为任何改变都会带来压力，一个想要完全摆脱压力的人永远不会结婚、生孩子、找新工作或搬家。
所有压力都会让你生病的想法也忽略了我们对人的很多了解。它假设我们在逆境中都是脆弱的和被动的。但是人类的主动性和创造性呢？许多人在经历压力时期时，身体和精神都比以前更有活力以前。我们也要知道，长时间没有改变或挑战可能会导致无聊，身体和金属紧张。